White v. Stanley: Police officers went to Nancy Hille's home to arrest her after being notified that her vehicle registration sticker was stolen. Her boyfriend, James White, refused to let them inside, but the officers smelled marijuana, blocked the door from being closed, and tackled him on the stairs. White claims to have suffered an injury, and the officers arrested him for resisting an officer—a charge later dismissed. White filed a suit, claiming false arrest and excessive force, and the District Court ruled in his favor.

Huff v. Reichert: Huff and Seaton were pulled over by Officer Reichert for crossing the center line without signaling and then moving back. Dispatch related that Huff had been arrested, but had no convictions. Reichert told Huff he was letting him go with a warning, but asked if he objected to a search with his dog. When Huff asked if he was free to go, Reichert responded, “not in the car.” Huff stated that he felt he had to consent. Reichert repeatedly said, “Show me! Find it!” He later admitted that he was trained not to say this to his dog. No drugs were found.

United States v. Brown: Henry R. Brown was convicted of conspiring to distribute more than five kilograms of cocaine. Investigators had attached a GPS tracking device to a car in 2006, and evidence traceable to information gathered from this GPS was introduced in court. Based on his criminal history, Brown was sentenced to life imprisonment by the District Court.